Carburetor and method of carbureting



Nov. 24, 1931. c. A. sAwTELLE CARBURETOR AND METHOD OF' CARBURETING I I l l lll l HHIIIJ/ ||I| .l Il llllffa l '..Illl

NOV. 24', 1931. C. A, SAWTELLE 1,833,183

CARBURETOR vAND METHOD OF CARBURETING Filed Oct. 2l. 1926 5 Smeets-Sheet 2 Patented Nov.. 24, v1,931

u ES

CHARLES A. 'sAwTnLLnwor nnrnoinlinearenn,v estenos `ois;on 1a-rutti* To? `Anania' A. nAnMsTAnTTER, or nnraoriuiiajicnrenn" j t y' f lenmar/mamon, Nn METHOD oniczinsnnnrino l applica/cian` mea oc'tber a1, 192s. serial ne., manic.-

.ing from a source of fuel, and exercising a control ofsaid passages, in common, by an element adapted to successively establish communication of saidv passages with the intake manifold of the engine. y

Another object is to restrict said passages differentially, and to an extent decreasing in the order that said passages are adapted to successively' communicate with the engine, whereby as the number of said passages communicating with the mixing chamber of the carburetor is increased,` the 'resulting decrease in the vacuum intensity acting within said passages is Kcompensated forI by ,the lessened restriction and the consequent increased re'sponsiveness'of the fuel.

Still another object is' to provide aicom'f mon means for restricting to a very definite degree a plurality, o ffpassages leadmgfrom a source offuel to anenglne or mixing chamber, fand Ato 'provide for .removal and re-v placement of said means, so-that bya substitution the yamount of restriction of all' of the passages may be varied.

` A further object is to produce initially an excessively rich mixture of fuel'and air', to

furtherl dilutel said mixturein the course ofY its iiowto the engine, and to regulate the volume of the flowing mixture and Vofthe air with which it is furtherdiluted con1- mon control element.

` A still further object is'to provide [for determining the volume of the final mixture by individual'regulation of its fuel and aircomponents It. isvan object of the invention also to provide for heating the mixture, while excessively rich,` to reducethe fue-l componentto a gaseous form. and subsequently diluting and at the same time cooling the mixture by addingV a regulated volume of unheated air', wherebythe final mixture which is delivered to the engine is gaseous as regards its lfuel componentbut is not heated toan extent, to`

objectionably reduce `the effective" volume ,i

which maybe received by :an-.engine cylinder.` 'Iihelinventionfurther-lconsistsfin a pro'- vision `for automatically regulating the heating eect exerted by theexhaust gases of an engine uponv'a pluralityof-fuel conduits by arranging said conduits in a certain relation to the flow of such gases."

Theseandv various other objects are atf tained by the construction exemplified-inthe accompanying drawings, and hereinafter fully described.

In said drawings: Y fr 1 VFigure l is a View in side elevation of the upper portion of any explosive engine,fsbow ing the intake and exhaust `manifolds'thereof, in association With the improvedv carburetor.

Figure-2 is a `view. showing the two manifolds in end elevation Aandalso `,showing in,`

elevation'the-inlet'end ofthe mixture heating chamber. l. i

Figure 3 isa longitudinal sectionallviewfof,

the carburetor taken upon the'line 3`3fof i Figure 2.' Y

Figure 4 is avertical elevational View` of `t the'oat chamber and initial carburetion means, partly insection onlinefl---Pe ofFige ure 5. 'i' 1 t Figure 5'isv a transverse vertical-sectional `View taken upon line 5 -5of Figa, and showingvnrimarily the fuel discharge passages ofl the floatchamber. y f VFigure `6 is a perspective viewcfa: sheet metal plateada1'ated tolbe mounted upon the float chamber andformed with asseri'es'ofV openings Vdifierentially `restricted for prede`` termining` the'iiow fromfthevarous outlets of thefioatcliamber. L 'i Fig-uref? is a detail' plan view,partly1jin section, of an air cooled fitting, ,adapted to connect the initial carburetion means and the heater, and provided V4for heating vthe explosive mixture delivered 'to the engine upon, startingQthesame.f ,Y `I f 'y 'f Figure 8 is a verticalsection taken upon line 8 8 vof Fig. '1,showinq the fuel inlets of" i the mixing'jand throttle chamber; f Y

Figure'9` is va crossv section View of said mixing and tb rottle' chamber, taken upon the 15 y chamber 4, into theiipper portion of which chamber by a fitting 8.

haust manifold.

`haust conduit 6.

Figure 10 isa perspective .view of lthe throttle member. I Y Figure 'llris a: cross sectional view Vof the heating chamber and adjacent. portion of the exhaust manifold l f i Figure-l2 is :tv-fragmentary' view v in 'side elevation ofa provision 'for Yoperatingthe primary fuel control valve of the device Vfrom a governor which're'sponds to the speed of theffenfiine'to which said deviceis auxiliary. In these views the reference character l designates an internal combustion engine, 2l the intake manifold thereof, and 3 the ex- To', the. inner face. ofthe manifold 3, there is secured'-Y a fuel heating .the exhaust ,gases are diverted by a baffle plate Y5 formedvin the lower or outlet. portion of said manifold seeFigure ll.Y From the chamber ,4,the exhaust gases escape back to the manifold 3, below' said v'baffle plate, discharging` finally from the manifold .by way of the ex-` V.To one end of the heatingchainber 4, there is secured ya fuel-supplying float' chamber 7, which however is spaced from; said kheating (SeeFigures 4 and 5.) 'A pair of bolts 9 serve to'secure both said float chamberfand fitting to the heating' chamber. The float chamber isforined with a projection 10 which the bolts 9'engas1'e, and in said'proiection is mounted a row'of vertical-fuel induction tubes llopening at their lower end'sintov theV fuel space ofsaid chamber, :belowv the ,normal fuel 'level therein. Uponthe projection 10 there is secured-by .screws 12a capY 13,' between which andsaid "projection there is clamped a sheet metal plate Y Yl4'forrne'd with a row of slots 15, which areof .ares-tricted width and whichmay prcnjressivef lly varvfiom'fone end of the row to the other;l VSaid lslotsatV Vcorresponding ends are. en-Y larged to"communicate with the uppergex-V ,j tremities 'ofthe fuelV tubes '11, andghave their othe'rfends likewise. enlarged to. communi- Icatewith arow of inclined passagesl in the projection 10. vThe passages 16' extend to i' that kface of the projection-10 which is adapt,Y

yeffilyt'orbe Vclamped against the fitting 8, and

'areadapted to register with arow of hori .zontal fuel passages 17 in said'fitting..VY Said ittinqi's suitably-ribbed to expedite its dis.-

sipation of suchheat as ijt-mayreceive by `conduction lfromthe heating' chamber 4.

'Withinffsaid'heatinq chamberthere is ar- 'rangedarow-of spaced horizontal fuel -tubes 18, extending from endlto endv of said chamf 'ber.- At one end` of ,said chambergsaid tubes 'n j are mounted in openings 19 .which when', the

fitting 8'is clamped against saidend, reefisf 'ter with the passages 1'? of said fitting.;` The top and bottomwalls ofthe heating 'chamber fas they' project,"fr'om'rthe exhaust manifold :converge towa'rdsaid` tubes, so that the exV Yhaust gases are deflected,intoA more intimate contact with saidtubes the further theyY are Y v projected into said chamber.

To theV other end of the heating` chamber 4, there'is clamped by means of bolts 20a lmixing and throttle chamber 21. The. latter chamber is formed'with a'horizontal'row of fuel passages 22 which, when .said chamber atmosphere, and' from said space in an'opposite relation'to' the fuel Vpassages 22,.;the're opens'a mixture outlet 25,40 which isc'on-V nected a gooseeneckr ,portion 26 of the intake f manifold. v

y A hollow-cylindrical control valve'l2i? `l tatably fitted within'the chamber-21, Vandfis Aprovided with a "control stem.` 28,v passing throughthe end cap 29 ofjsai'dchaniber and Y carryinga suitable actuating'arm 30.' Said' valve is yformedwith an opening 31 through Y its wall ,elongatedr in the direction of the valve axis, said opening(formin'gean` admis.- V-sion port both for fuel andy for dilutingeair. 'Theadvance edge 32 of said opening` is `of spiralfOrm, so that an opening' movement of ,said 'valveregisters ,said openingV 31 'e firste `with' a` fuelpassage .22 at `one .end of the row `and then successively registers said opening .with the remaining fuel passages. l Vl/Vhile one portion of the edge 32. is riding` across .the fuel inlets 22, exercising control thereof, an .end portion of said edgeis riding,l across the air inlet port 24, and admitting-mirto the .opening 31 kin. a1 definite. Vproportion tothe vfuel which is enteringPv through the uncov-V ered fuel passages. vsaid'fvalve 27 V"there .is further formed a mixtureoutlet 3 3, pro- Lportionedg. to, maintain', full communication i bjetweemtheqmixine space'i23 and theQmixr' r"ture-*outlet 25 inY all positionsof ,said valve;`V It' isprefei'red to formthe valve witha de- I.

fiector wall 33a extending integrally ,inwardV from the spiral edgefofthe fopeningl and. Y

'then extended. acroSSSid opening. Saidde'- flector wallcompels the airincoming' through ,theV port 24 tofflow across such offthe'fnel 1 ,inletV vpassaggfes v22- as are uncovered ys o that there is au intimate coinniingling kofsaid aii" and Y:incoming lfuel priorto y,adnfiislsion of the `same to theY mixing space 23.1,

h y Asthe fue flows through the 1G, it is preferred to with said fuel a regulable quantity offair, producing af mixture that, for explosion purpoeegis excessively rich. It is thisrich kiifiixturef'then that .is Y

ideliveredthrough'the heated tubeslniid into the mixine' chambertlirouo'hthe Vnas- .n 5*:

Vsages 22. rIhus the cap has tlienature of a valve casing wherein is mounted a ro-` tative sleeve valve 34,'ccrresponding ends of vsaid, valve and casingebeing open for admis The position of the airlcoiitrol valve be so governed by thespeed of the engine. as to sion ofair to said valve;V A(See-Figure'-f5.) A ioW'of ports areformed in-said valve 'and a correspondingrow ofports 86 are formed inI the Vcasing 13,"tlieports-36 ibeing in fixed registration With the passages '16 through the slotsl of the 4plate 14.` 5

By rocking the valve 34 the ports 35 thereof 'may 'be registered more or less With the ports 36 to regulate thevolume of air admitted to the passages 16, responsive to the suction eect ofthe-engine. f

34 may prevent any iinpoverishmentofthe miit'ure resulting Whenthe engine speed drops `oif due Vto a load increase orto adverse traction condi-l tions. (SeeV Figure' 12;) 'Thus'an actuating stem 38 for the valve 34 isV passed through the closed end`of the casing `13 and-an arm 39 mounted upon said `stem is connected Y by a swinging rod 40` to acentrifugalgoven noi' 41 of any ordinary construction, Vmountedvas shown upoii'the cam shaft42 ofthe engine or upon any other shaft drivenby the engine. The collar 43 engaged by the rod'40 ,is loosely mounted upon .the shaft 42 but 4is so connected lto the'governor as toun- 'dergo a slight sliding travel upon saidshaft lVhen an` engine equipped "witlrthedescribed' carburetor i being started, `the Adescribed-means for heating thefuel tubes 18 will not be effective and itis prefeirred,'tlierefore to make a special provision for heating and gasifying thefuel under starting condi'- tions. Referring particularly to Fig- 7, 44

is `an electrical `resisto-r lwhich is disposed Within those two passages 17. of the fitting 8 Which are, by the initial openingfin-ovelnent ofthe valve 27, placed in communication with tlie'intake manifold; As shown, said resistor is preferably U-sliaped, With'portions exteiid-` ing vin the tivo said passageaxand the electri` calV circuit including! said resistor is. es;tah lished in any suitable manner, as is diagra-iii'` matically illustrated inzclig. `7*.' Villen the engine has been started and has Warniedup sutciently to `make the heatingv chamber 4,

eifective, the switch 45 controlling, saidV circuit may be opened;`

A very misurate regulation of tlientlowV` of fuel into the mixing chamber 2,3 iinderfdii fering operatingy conditions off the engine fis made Ipositie by .estabiishing vsurtir am through a*v considerable number ofrrestricted i passages which 'may `loe conveniently opened to said-finixing` chamber in a desired ,succession'by' means off-a-singlelcontrol valve 27V. Within said chamber.. i, f c

Furthermore the subdividing vof thefflowing fuel,`as has beendescribed, permits .a

more eiective heatingfaction` of jtlie exhaust `gases upon said fuel;` f

. y Y A The initially enriched. mixture may more Y rapidly and thoroughly lbe `coini'ningled With Vthe airadiiiittedfto the'mixiiig chamber'than j Wouldbe the case if the fuel were delivered -to saidchamber.undilutedand this ispa'r 'ticularly the case When the fuel eleinent of the enriched mixture is gasied,as described,

j-prior Vto admission .of said rmixture vto said chamber; I i

It is to be noted the described tion regulates'the volume ofk the nal mixture delivered to the engine by aicontrol .exercised upon the admission i of they excessively rich mixture` and the air "to the `mixing chamber 23 'a predetermined ratio `,being Hinaintained Vbetween the rich mixture-inflow and the air iniovv. In the less accurate practice now generally followed, the flow/of the :final mixture is regulated `by a throttle in thel outlet from the mixing chamber, and itis attempted to control ,thek volumes of fuel and 'air-.i adniittedv to the mixingchainber by. pressure conditionstherein: i r f i AThe plate- 14 with its accurately' formed slots 15 forms ya veryrsiniple means for defi-` nitely regulating the fuel flow froinithe float Y ."clian'iber; i Thejfact that this plate readily removablewperniits 'plates varying slight-` ly iii thickness, to be;interchangeablyiised according tothe particular operatingcon'n l ditioiis which willbe encountered by ,a given engine orzlgroup of engines. f Thusi'fx-thetliickness'jof the plate 14 is increased,` this WilIJproVide, for an increased-fuel "flow throughi the multiplev fuel `*feedl .passages leading to thea-mixing Vchamber 23, Whereas a reduction of the fuel owivill result from usejof 'a `thinner plate 14. Y While utilityof fthe-plate VI4 is not, by any means, based ,solely on the successively varying areas ofA the slots'15, this `:variation isfdesirable as a compensation for theieduction of'vacuum `'intensity'tending to accompany anincreasing delivery of mixture to the engine. Thus fthe?. full `flow `which the y,valve,member V'27 i120?, initially1 l establishesy'--v (under idling condi'-` tions) will be through the most restrictedV of theslots 15. lAs 4said valve member is .increasinglyopenedpfuel Will-flow `.through i .anlincreasing numbeiofv the slots 15 and .the capacity of the individual l slots thus i i brought into use increases "as their number` increases, thus compensating forthe reductioirof. the vaciiil'mbeiect-tvvhich accompanies I the opening-travel of ,l a miXing chamber, ofsa plurality .of liquidv fuel delivery Vconnections leading to said, n

' 'a liquid. fuel containe'rhaving a plurality of lthe valve membera27. WhatIclaim is:

i 1. `In fa: carburetor, the combination with an engine intake manifold, of a liquid fuel container havingla Aplurality of vrestricted outlets, individual fuel delivery connections betweenV said outlets yand manifold, and a A' commoncontrol meanslfor the flow through v2..In a1 carburetor, the vcombination with chamber, v,a .common `Vmeans inV advance of said chamber .for dierentially restricting said-connections, andffmeansA rWithinsaid chamber, Vfor controlling thefuel delivery through said connections independently of ,said restricting-means, Y Y

f 3., In a carburetor, the combinationwith ainixingchaniber having an airinlet and aV .liquid fuel `:chamber having a plurality ofV outlets,1ofmeans carriedby said chamber f forV differentially k restricting"said outlets,

mixing .chamber having an air inlet and,

having'V a plurality of liquid fuel inlets, of means forformingian v,excessively rich' fuel miXturey and for delivering the sameto said fuelginlets. I

5..In a carburetor as set forth in claim 4, means Withinsaid-mixinglchamber Yfor controlling said lfuel inlets A.andrair inlets in COIIIIIIOII..

6, In a'carburetor as set forth in'fclaim 4 f means Within said mixing chamber forregu# y lating the Ainflow of air and v.fuelA through said inletsfand for maintainingV a'definiteratio between the inflow of.y air and oflfuel.

, V7.'In a carburetor, the combination with afinixing chamber, of a plurality of fuel deliveryl passages opening into :said chamber, means for-.admitting a restricted volume vofair toea'chof saidi passages, and acorn;

mon means f orregulating the admissionqof such air. y Y

8'. In a carburetor, the combination with a liquidfuel container` andfa vplurality of 'from said container, of a removable and rei Y container.

`placeable` 'member definitely 'restricting-1 all of said passages, and'carried'byv saidfuel 9. VIn a carburetor, the `combination withk a pluralityk ojfffu'el passages, of' a Vsheet metal stamping formedvvith openings regis-Y tering with andrestricting said passages.

"10. In a carburetor, the combination With aplurality of'wfuel passages, of a sheet istering-.Withi said passages and differen- -tially. proportioned to effect ak definitediti'er# ential restriction of saidwpassages.

will, In a carburetor, the'combination Witlif@ a vliquid fuel container having av plurality of outlet passages, lof' a valve controllingr the admission -of'air to said outlet passages,

aA casing. for said valve mounted upon said fuel container, and .a member clamp-edv between said container and valve-casing, effect'- ing a denite sages., Y Y Y' v 12."Ina. carburetor, the combination with restrictionof all `of said pasoutletpassages,of a valve controlling the admission i off air to said passages, 'a' casing for saidvalve mounted upon the fuely container,

of openings for connecting portions of each of'said passages, theadmission ofairito said passages being e'ected through said open-V Y ings. .Y f .g1l

- '13.v fIna carburetor, the combination With a.l liquid fuelicontai-ner fhaving .-a fuel .outlet passage, of a valve-controlling the admission of air to saidpassages. a casing for said valvekr mounted upon said'fuel container, and a member clamped between said container and valve passage. .y

14. Inga-carburetoiyvthe combination With a 4mixing: chamber having an-'air inlet, of means for forming an excessively-rich miX- casing effecting ka definite restrictionV of said `l tureof fuel and air-.and delivering the Lsame to said mixing chamber, and a common means Vvvitliinsaid chamber forcontrollin'g delivery to said chamber of said mixture and'for regu- 10 p n Y lating theair supply through said inlet.

15. In a carburetor, a mixing chamber having an air inlet and a fuel inlet,lavvalve vvith-V` in said chamber controlling both'ofsaidin'-` lets and means carried by said valve forl defiectmg the incoming airacross the fuel inlet'.

A 16. In a carburetor, a mixingchaniberliav Ving an air inlet `and a fuel inlet,-a valve vvithin said chamber rotativel'y controlling both.

across the fuel inlet.v

iiquid fuer 'deine-y connection-s .ieaaing'- "17' In Carburetor a 'meme' Chamber;

vformed With a rovv of fuel inletsand with an air admissionporn-avalve Within said cham- :ber rotativelycontrolling Vsaid'fuel inlets and air ports, and a deiiector member carried by said valve and compelling a flow of the incomi ing air across said rovv of fuel inlets.-

18. In a carburetor, the combinationivitli a mixing chamber having an opening'zto the.'

ber, and means for heating said fuel in the course of its subdivided flow.

19. In a carburetor, the combination with a mixing chamber,` of a plurality of passages leading to said chamber, means for delivering an excessively rich mixture to each of said passages, anda common means for heating said passages.

20. In a carburetor, the combination with a mixing chamber and. a plurality of fuel passages leading to said chamber, of control means Within said chamber for uncovering said passages in a definite succession, means for heating portions of all vof said passages by exhaust gases, and means for electrically restricted passages opening below the normal liquid level therein and extending above said level, of a mixing chamber, a corresponding number of passages leading from said mixing chamber to `points adjacent `the first r named passages, a removable and replaceable member having restricted openings for connecting the passages of said fuel container With the passages leading to the mixing chamber, and means for regulably admitting air to said openings.

23. In a carburetor, the combination With a liquid fuel container and a mixing chamber, of a plurality of restricted passages for the delivery of fuel from fsaid container to said chamber, said passages having openings for the admission of air to form an initial rich mixture in said passages, a rotary valve controlling said openings, a rotary valve in the mixing chamber controlling the admission thereto of a secondary supply of air, and means for independently actuating said rotary valves. l

In testimony whereof I sign this specification. Y

CHARLES A. SAWTELLE. 

